From 99baacb1f33acaea45b00e6661c29302b01562a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ottjk <joshott16@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 31 Dec 2023 15:01:25 -0500
Subject: sway and tex

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+%% ****** Start of file authguide.tex ****** %
+%%
+%%   This file is part of the APS files in the REVTeX 4 distribution.
+%%   Version 4.2b of REVTeX, January 2019
+%%
+%%   Copyright (c) 2019 The American Physical Society.
+%%
+%%   See the REVTeX 4.2 README file for restrictions and more information.
+%%
+\listfiles
+\documentclass[%
+,aps%
+ ,twocolumn%
+ ,secnumarabic%
+,amssymb, amsmath,nobibnotes, aps, prl, floatfix]{revtex4-2}
+\usepackage{docs}%
+\usepackage{bm}%
+\usepackage[colorlinks=true,linkcolor=blue]{hyperref}%
+%\nofiles
+\expandafter\ifx\csname package@font\endcsname\relax\else
+ \expandafter\expandafter
+ \expandafter\usepackage
+ \expandafter\expandafter
+ \expandafter{\csname package@font\endcsname}%
+\fi
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{\revtex~4.2 Author's Guide}%
+\author{American Physical Society}%
+\email{revtex@aps.org}
+\affiliation{1 Research Road, Ridge, NY 11961}
+\date{December 2018}%
+\maketitle
+\tableofcontents
+\clearpage
+\section{Introduction}
+
+This is the author's guide to \revtex~4.2, the preferred submission
+format for all APS and AIP journals. This guide is intended to be a concise
+introduction to \revtex~4.2. The documentation has been separated out
+into smaller units to make it easier to locate essential
+information.
+
+The following documentation is also part of the \revtex~4.2
+distribution. Updated versions of these will be maintained at
+the \revtex~4.2 homepage located at \url{http://journals.aps.org/revtex/}.
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.2}
+\item \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.2}
+\item \textit{\revtex~4.2 Command and Options Summary}
+\end{itemize}
+This guide assumes a working \revtex~4.2
+installation. Please see the installation instructions included with the
+distribution.
+\subsection{Changes in \revtex~4.2}
+The \revtex\ system for \LaTeX\ began its development in 1986 and has gone through three major revisions since then.  \revtex~4 was released in August, 2001. Since that time, many user requests for new features were received. These requests were taken care of in the \revtex~4.1, which was released in August, 2010. \revtex~4.2 is the current release.
+
+\revtex~4.2 incorporates the following changes:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \textbf{Added support for additional APS journals,  \textit{Physical Review X},  \textit{Physical Review Accelerators and Beams}, \textit{Physical Review Applied}, \textit{Physical Review Fluids}, \textit{Physical Review Materials}, and \textit{Physical Review Physics Education Research}.} There are new options \texttt{prx},  \texttt{prab}, \texttt{prapplied}, \texttt{prfluids}, and \texttt{prmaterials}, and \texttt{prper}.
+
+\item \textbf{Added a unified \texttt{physrev} option for \textit{Physical Review} journal style (the \textit{Phys. Rev.} journals have no or few variations).}
+
+\item \textbf{The \texttt{prb} option now conforms with \textit{Physical Review B}'s updated style that uses the same non-superscripted citations as other APS journals}.
+
+\item \textbf{Added support for additional AIP journals, \textit{AIP Advances}, \textit{Applied Physics Letters Materials}, and \textit{Structural Dynamics} as well as \textit{AIP Conference Proceedings}. There are new options \texttt{adv}, \texttt{apm}, \texttt{sd}, and \texttt{cp}.}
+
+\item \textbf{Added support for the  Society of Rheology (\texttt{sor}) and its journal, \textit{Journal of Rheology} (\texttt{jor}).}
+
+\item \textbf{The \texttt{reprint} style for AIP's journal JMP was changed to one-column formatting.}
+
+\item \textbf{For all APS journal options, complete article titles are now displayed in bibliography entries citing journal articles when using Bib\TeX\ by default.}
+
+\item \textbf{In the \textit{Phys. Rev.} Bib\TeX\ style file, article titles in the bibliography are set in roman font}.    
+
+\item \textbf{The behavior of the \texttt{noeprints} option has been improved}.    
+
+\item \textbf{Support has been added for citing data sets in the Bib\TeX\ styles}.
+
+\item \textbf{Support for citing journals that use a DOI instead of pages or article identifiers has been improved (for APS \textit{Phys. Rev.} Bib\TeX\ style)}.
+
+\item \textbf{The indentation of tables of contents have been improved}.
+
+\item \textbf{The \texttt{onecolumn} option no longer defaults to creating a separate title page}.
+
+\item \textbf{The \texttt{showpacs} option is completely ignored now}.
+
+\item \textbf{A bug when using \texttt{booktabs.sty} has been fixed}.
+
+\item \textbf{The formatting of references for some commonly cited journals has been improved in the \textit{Phys. Rev.} Bib\TeX\ style}.
+
+\item \textbf{URLs generated for DOIs now use \texttt{https://doi.org/} as the base in the Bib\TeX\ styles.}
+
+\item \textbf{URLs generated for arXiv.org e-print identifiers now use \texttt{https://arXiv.org/abs/} as the base in the Bib\TeX\ styles.}
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{\revtex~4 Backwards Compatibility}
+Documents prepared under \revtex~4 and \revtex~4.1 should process correctly under \revtex~4.2. However, the formatting of the pages and, if using Bib\TeX, the references may change. Under 4.2, articles typeset with the \texttt{prb} option will be typeset \texttt{cite} commands differently and adjacent punctuation may need to be moved accordingly. Default behaviors some other options may also have changed as described above.
+
+
+
+\subsection{Submitting to APS Journals}
+
+Authors using \revtex~4.2 to prepare a manuscript for submission to
+\textit{Physical Review Letters}, \textit{Physical Review},  \textit{Reviews of Modern Physics}, 
+or other APS journals must also read the companion document \textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.2}
+distributed with \revtex\ and follow the guidelines detailed there.
+
+The \revtex~4.2 distribution includes both a template
+(\file{apstemplate.tex}) and a sample document (\file{apssamp.tex}).
+The template is a good starting point for a manuscript. In the
+following sections are instructions that should be sufficient for
+creating a paper using \revtex~4.2.
+
+Further information about submissions to the American
+Physical Society may be found at \url{http://journals.aps.org/revtex/}.
+
+\subsection{Submitting to AIP Journals}
+
+\revtex~4.2 includes support for the journals of the American Institute of Physics.
+The style files and authoring guides for these journals are distributed as part
+\revtex~4.2 distribution. The distribution includes both a template
+(\file{aiptemplate.tex}) and a sample document (\file{aipsamp.tex}).
+The template is a good starting point for a manuscript. In the
+following sections are instructions that should be sufficient for
+creating a paper using \revtex~4.2.
+
+
+
+More information may be found at 
+\url{http://publishing.aip.org/authors/preparing-your-manuscript}. Please consult the \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.2} for more information about submissions to AIP journals, AIP styles files, and other AIP-specific information.
+
+\subsection{Contact Information}\label{sec:aipresources}%
+Any bugs, problems, or inconsistencies with \revtex\ or the APS journal style files should be reported to
+\revtex\ support at \verb+revtex@aps.org+. Reports should include information on the error and a \textit{small}
+sample document that manifests the problem if possible (please don't send large files!). Issues related to the AIP journal styles should be sent directly to \verb+tex@aip.org+.
+
+\section{Some \LaTeXe\ Basics}
+\revtex~4.2 must sometimes patch the underlying
+\LaTeX\ kernel. This means that \revtex~4.2 requires a fairly recent version of
+\LaTeXe. Versions prior to 2005/12/01 may not work
+correctly. \revtex~4.2 will be maintained to be compatible with future
+versions of \LaTeXe.
+
+\subsection{Useful \LaTeXe\ Markup}
+\LaTeXe\ markup is the preferred way to accomplish many basic tasks.
+
+\subsubsection{Fonts}
+
+Because \revtex~4.2 is based upon \LaTeXe, it inherits all of the
+macros used for controlling fonts. Of particular importance are the
+\LaTeXe\ macros \cmd{\textit}, \cmd{\textbf}, \cmd{\texttt} for changing to
+an italic, bold, or typewriter font respectively. One should always
+use these macros rather than the lower-level \TeX\ macros \cmd{\it},
+\cmd{\bf}, and \cmd{\tt}. The \LaTeXe\ macros offer
+improvements such as better italic correction and scaling in super-
+and subscripts for example. Table~\ref{tab:fonts}
+summarizes the font selection commands in \LaTeXe.
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption{\label{tab:fonts}\LaTeXe\ font commands}
+\begin{ruledtabular}
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Text Fonts}}\\
+\textbf{Font command} & \textbf{Explanation} \\
+\cmd\textit\marg{text}  & Italics\\
+\cmd\textbf\marg{text}  & Boldface\\
+\cmd\texttt\marg{text}  & Typewriter\\
+\cmd\textrm\marg{text}  & Roman\\
+\cmd\textsl\marg{text}  & Slanted\\
+\cmd\textsf\marg{text}  & Sans Serif\\
+\cmd\textsc\marg{text}  & Small Caps\\
+\cmd\textmd\marg{text}  & Medium Series\\
+\cmd\textnormal\marg{text} & Normal Series\\
+\cmd\textup\marg{text}  & Upright Series\\
+  &\\
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Math Fonts}}\\
+\cmd\mathit\marg{text}  & Math Italics\\
+\cmd\mathbf\marg{text}  & Math Boldface\\
+\cmd\mathtt\marg{text}  & Math Typewriter\\
+\cmd\mathsf\marg{text}  & Math Sans Serif\\
+\cmd\mathcal\marg{text}  & Calligraphic\\
+\cmd\mathnormal\marg{text} & Math Normal\\
+\cmd\bm\marg{text}& Bold math for Greek letters\\
+                  & and other symbols\\
+\cmd\mathfrak\marg{text}\footnotemark[1]  & Fraktur\\
+\cmd\mathbb\marg{text}\footnotemark[1] & Blackboard Bold\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{ruledtabular}
+\footnotetext[1]{Requires \classname{amsfonts} or \classname{amssymb} class option}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsubsection{User-defined macros}
+\LaTeXe\ provides several macros that enable users to easily create new
+macros for use in their manuscripts:
+\begin{itemize}
+\footnotesize
+\item \cmd\newcommand\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def} 
+\item \cmd\newcommand\verb+*+\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
+\item \cmd\renewcommand\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
+\item \cmd\renewcommand\verb+*+\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
+\item \cmd\providecommand\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
+\item \cmd\providecommand\verb+*+\marg{\\command}\oarg{narg}\oarg{opt}\marg{def}
+\end{itemize}
+Here \meta{\\command} is the name of the macro being defined,
+\meta{narg} is the number of arguments the macro takes,
+\meta{opt} are optional default values for the arguments, and
+\meta{def} is the actually macro definiton. \cmd\newcommand\ creates a
+new macro, \cmd\renewcommand\ redefines a previously defined macro,
+and \cmd\providecommand\ will define a macro only if it hasn't
+been defined previously. The *-ed versions are an optimization that
+indicates that the macro arguments will always be ``short'' arguments. This is
+almost always the case, so the *-ed versions should be used whenever
+possible.
+
+The use of these macros is preferred over using plain \TeX's low-level
+macros such as
+\cmd\def{},\cmd\edef{}, and \cmd\gdef{}. APS authors must follow the
+\textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.2} when defining macros.
+
+\subsubsection{Symbols}
+
+\LaTeXe\ has added some convenient commands for some special symbols
+and effects. These are summarized in Table~\ref{tab:special}. See
+\cite{Guide} for details.
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption{\label{tab:special}\LaTeXe\ commands for special symbols and effects}
+\begin{ruledtabular}
+\begin{tabular}{lc}
+Command & Symbol/Effect\\
+\cmd\textemdash & \textemdash\\
+\cmd\textendash & \textendash\\
+\cmd\textexclamdown & \textexclamdown\\
+\cmd\textquestiondown & \textquestiondown\\
+\cmd\textquotedblleft & \textquotedblleft\\
+\cmd\textquotedblright & \textquotedblright\\
+\cmd\textquoteleft & \textquoteleft\\
+\cmd\textquoteright & \textquoteright\\
+\cmd\textbullet   & \textbullet\\
+\cmd\textperiodcentered & \textperiodcentered\\
+\cmd\textvisiblespace & \textvisiblespace\\
+\cmd\textcompworkmark & Break a ligature\\
+\cmd\textcircled\marg{char} & Circle a character\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{ruledtabular}
+\end{table}
+
+\LaTeXe\ provides additional symbols in a
+separate package called \classname{latexsym}. To use these symbols, include
+the package using:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Using \LaTeXe\ packages with \revtex}\label{sec:usepackage}%
+
+Many \LaTeXe\ packages are available, for instance, on CTAN at
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/}
+and at
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/}. Full \TeX\ distributions
+such as  \TeX\
+Live  \url{http://www.tug.org/texlive/} provide an excellent and complete installation of \TeX\ that is
+easy to maintain.  Some of these packages
+are automatically loaded by \revtex~4.2 when certain class options are
+invoked and are, thus, ``required.''  They will either be distributed
+with \revtex\ or are already included with a standard \LaTeXe\
+distribution.
+
+Required packages are automatically loaded by \revtex\ on an as-needed
+basis.  Other packages should be loaded using the
+\cmd\usepackage\ command. To load the
+\classname{hyperref} package, the document preamble might look like:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass{revtex4-2}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Some common (and very useful) \LaTeXe\ packages are \textit{a priori}
+important enough that \revtex~4.2 has been designed to be specifically
+compatible with them. 
+A bug stemming from the use of one of these packages in
+conjunction with any of the APS journals may be reported by contacting
+\revtex\ support.
+\begin{description}
+\item[\textbf{AMS packages}] \revtex~4.2 is compatible with and depends
+ upon the AMS packages
+\classname{amsfonts},
+\classname{amssymb}, and
+\classname{amsmath}. In fact, \revtex~4.2 requires use of these packages
+to accomplish some common tasks. See Section~\ref{sec:math} for more.
+\revtex~4.2 requires version 2.0 or higher of the AMS-\LaTeX\ package.
+
+\item[\textbf{array and dcolumn}]
+The \classname{array} and \classname{dcolumn} packages are part of
+\LaTeX's required suite of packages. \classname{dcolumn} is required
+to align table columns on decimal points (and it in turn depends upon
+the \classname{array} package).
+
+\item[\textbf{longtable}]
+\file{longtable.sty} may be used for large tables that will span more than one
+page. \revtex~4.2 dynamically applies patches to longtable.sty so that
+it will work in two-column mode.
+
+\item[\textbf{hyperref}] \file{hyperref.sty} is a package that is
+used for putting hypertext links into \LaTeXe\ documents.
+\revtex~4.2 has hooks to allow e-mail addresses and URL's to become
+hyperlinks if \classname{hyperref} is loaded.
+
+\item[\textbf{booktabs}] \revtex~4.2 improves compatibility with \classname{booktabs.sty}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+Other packages will conflict with \revtex~4.2 and should be
+avoided. Usually such a conflict arises because the package adds
+enhancements that \revtex~4.2 already includes. Here are some common
+packages that clash with \revtex~4.2:
+\begin{description}
+\item[\textbf{multicol}] \file{multicol.sty} is a package by Frank Mittelbach
+that adds support for multiple columns. In fact, early versions of
+\revtex~4.2 used \file{multicol.sty} for precisely this. \revtex\  
+incorporates its own support for multiple-column typesetting.
+
+\item[\textbf{cite}] Donald Arseneau's \file{cite.sty} is often used to provide
+support for sorting a \cmd\cite\ command's arguments into numerical
+order and to collapse consecutive runs of reference numbers. \revtex~4.2
+has this functionality built-in already via the \classname{natbib} package.
+
+\item[\textbf{mcite}] \revtex~4.2 already contains a lot of this
+functionality through its updated syntax for the \cmd\cite\ command and
+the latest  \classname{natbib} package.
+
+\item[\textbf{endfloat}] The same functionality can be accomplished
+using the \classoption{endfloats} class option.
+
+\item[\textbf{float}] \texttt{float.sty} provides a mechanism for creating new float classes with just a few commands. \revtex~4.2 has limited compatible with float.sty. If attempting to use this package, be sure to put any \cmd\newfloat\ commands after the \verb+\begin{document}+ line.
+
+\end{description}
+
+\section{The Document Preamble}
+
+The preamble of a \LaTeX\ document is the set of commands that precede
+the \envb{document} line. It contains a
+\cmd\documentclass\ line to load the \revtex~4.2 class (\textit{i.e.},
+all of the \revtex~4.2 macro definitions), \cmd\usepackage\ macros to
+load other macro packages, and other macro definitions.
+
+\subsection{The \emph{documentclass} line}
+The basic formatting of the manuscript is controlled by setting
+\emph{class options} using
+\cmd\documentclass\oarg{options}\aarg{\classname{revtex4-2}}.
+The optional arguments that appear in the square brackets control the layout of the
+document. At this point, one only needs to choose:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Either the \classoption{aps} (default) or \classoption{aip} society option
+\item One of the chosen society's journal styles such as \classoption{prl} or \classoption{apl}
+\item A layout option such as \classoption{preprint} (single-column formatting), \classoption{reprint} (an approximation
+to the selected journal's actual layout which may be one- or two-column depending on the journal), or \classoption{twocolumn}
+\end{itemize}
+Usually, one would want to use \classoption{preprint} for draft papers. Paper size options are also
+available as well. In particular, \classoption{a4paper} is available
+as well as the rest of the standard \LaTeX\ paper sizes. A
+full list of class options is given in the \textit{\revtex~4.2 Command
+and Options Summary}.
+
+\subsection{Loading other packages}
+Other packages may be loaded into a \revtex~4.2 document by using the
+standard \LaTeXe\ \cmd\usepackage\ command. For instance, to load
+the \classoption{graphics} package, one would use
+\verb+\usepackage{graphics}+.
+
+\section{The Front Matter}\label{sec:front}
+
+After choosing the basic look and feel of the document by selecting
+the appropriate class options and loading in whatever other macros are
+needed, one is ready to move on to creating a new manuscript. After
+the preamble, be sure to put in a \envb{document} line (and put
+in an \enve{document} as well). This section describes the macros
+\revtex~4.2 provides for formatting the front matter of the
+article. The behavior and usage of these macros can be quite
+different from those provided in the \LaTeXe\ \classname{article} class.
+\subsection{Setting the title}
+
+The title of the manuscript is simply specified by using the
+\cmd\title\aarg{title} macro. A \verb+\\+ may be used to put a line
+break in a long title.
+
+\subsection{Specifying a date}%
+
+The \cmd\date\marg{date} command outputs the date on the
+manuscript.  Using \cmd\today\ will cause \LaTeX{} to insert the
+current date whenever the file is run:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\date{\today}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Specifying authors and affiliations}
+
+The \revtex~4.2 macros  for specifying authors and their affiliations are designed
+ to save labor for authors and during production. Authors and affiliations are
+arranged into groupings called, appropriately enough, \emph{author
+groups}. Each author group is a set of authors who share the same set
+of affiliations. Author names are specified with the \cmd\author\
+macro while affiliations (or addresses) are specified with the
+\cmd\affiliation\ macro. Author groups are specified by sequences of
+\cmd\author\ macros followed by \cmd\affiliation\ macros. An
+\cmd\affiliation\ macro applies to all previously specified
+\cmd\author\ macros which don't already have an affiliation supplied.
+
+For example, if Bugs Bunny and Roger Rabbit are both at Looney Tune
+Studios, while Mickey Mouse is at Disney World, the markup would be:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\author{Bugs Bunny}
+\author{Roger Rabbit}
+\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
+\author{Mickey Mouse}
+\affiliation{Disney World}
+\end{verbatim}
+The default is to display this as 
+\begin{center}
+Bugs Bunny and Roger Rabbit\\
+\emph{Looney Tune Studios}\\
+Mickey Mouse\\
+\emph{Disney World}\\
+\end{center}
+This layout style for displaying authors and their affiliations is
+chosen by selecting the class option
+\classoption{groupedaddress}. Journal styles usually default this option,
+ so it need not be specified explicitly. The other major way of displaying this
+information is to use superscripts on the authors and
+affiliations. This can be accomplished by selecting the class option
+\classoption{superscriptaddress}. To achieve the display
+\begin{center}
+Bugs Bunny,$^{1}$ Roger Rabbit,$^{1,2}$ and Mickey Mouse$^{2}$\\
+\emph{$^{1}$Looney Tune Studios}\\
+\emph{$^{2}$Disney World}\\
+\end{center}
+one would use the markup
+\begin{verbatim}
+\author{Bugs Bunny}
+\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
+\author{Roger Rabbit}
+\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
+\affiliation{Disney World}
+\author{Mickey Mouse}
+\affiliation{Disney World}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Note that \revtex~4.2 takes care of any commas and \emph{and}'s that join
+the author names together and font selection, as well as any
+superscript numbering. Only the author names and affiliations should
+be given within their respective macros. See below for further information
+regarding the proper way to add footnotes to author names and affiliations.
+
+There is a third class option, \classoption{unsortedaddress}, for
+controlling author/affiliation display. The default
+\classoption{groupedaddress} will actually sort authors into the
+approriate author groups if one chooses to specify an affiliation for
+each author. The markup:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\author{Bugs Bunny}
+\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
+\author{Mickey Mouse}
+\affiliation{Disney World}
+\author{Roger Rabbit}
+\affiliation{Looney Tune Studios}
+\end{verbatim}
+will result in the same display as for the first case given
+above even though Roger Rabbit is specified after Mickey Mouse. To
+avoid Roger Rabbit being moved into the same author group as Bugs
+Bunny, use the
+\classoption{unsortedaddress} option instead. In general, it is safest
+to list authors in the order they should appear and specify
+affiliations for multiple authors rather than one at a time. This will
+afford the most independence for choosing the display option. Finally,
+it should be mentioned that the affiliations for the
+\classoption{superscriptaddress} are presented and numbered 
+in the order that they are encountered. These means that the order
+will usually follow the order of the authors. An alternative ordering
+can be forced by including a list of \cmd\affiliation\ commands before
+the first \cmd{\author} in the desired order. Then use the exact same
+text for each affilation when specifying them for each author.
+
+If an author doesn't have an affiliation, the \cmd\noaffiliation\
+macro may be used in the place of an \cmd\affiliation\ macro.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Collaborations}
+
+A collaboration name can be specified with the \cmd\collaboration\
+command. This is very similar to the \cmd\author\ command. In \revtex~4.2, it can
+be used with both the \classoption{superscriptaddress} and \classoption{groupedaddress} class options. The
+\cmd\collaboration\ command should appear at the end of the list of
+authors. The collaboration name will be appear centered in parentheses
+between the list of authors and the list of
+affiliations. Because collaborations
+don't normally have affiliations, one needs to follow the
+\cmd\collaboration\ with \cmd\noaffiliation.
+
+\subsubsection{Footnotes for authors, collaborations, affiliations or title}\label{sec:footau}
+
+Often one wants to specify additional information associated with an
+author, collaboration, or affiliation such as an e-mail address, an
+alternate affiliation, or some other ancillary information. 
+\revtex~4.2 introduces several new macros just for this purpose. They
+are:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item\cmd\email\oarg{optional text}\aarg{e-mail address}
+\item\cmd\homepage\oarg{optional text}\aarg{URL}
+\item\cmd\altaffiliation\oarg{optional text}\aarg{affiliation}
+\item\cmd\thanks\aarg{miscellaneous text}
+\end{itemize}
+In the first three, the \emph{optional text} will be prepended before the
+actual information specified in the required argument. In the APS journal style files, \cmd\email\ and \cmd\homepage\ no longer have a default value. However, in the AIP styles, each have a default text for their optional arguments
+(`Electronic address:' and `URL:' respectively). The \cmd\thanks\
+macro should only be used if one of the other three do not apply. Any
+author name can have multiple occurences of these four macros. Note
+that unlike the
+\cmd\affiliation\ macro, these macros only apply to the \cmd\author\
+that directly precedes it. Any \cmd\affiliation\ \emph{must} follow
+the other author-specific macros. A typical usage might be as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\author{Bugs Bunny}
+\email[E-mail me at: ]{bugs@looney.com}
+\homepage[Visit: ]{http://looney.com/}
+\altaffiliation[Permanent address: ]
+                     {Warner Brothers}
+\affiliation{Looney Tunes}
+\end{verbatim}
+This would result in the footnote ``E-mail me at: \texttt{bugs@looney.com},
+Visit: \texttt{http://looney.com/}, Permanent address: Warner
+Brothers'' being attached to Bugs Bunny. Note that:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Only an e-mail address, URL, or affiliation should go in the
+required argument in the curly braces.
+\item The font is automatically taken care of.
+\item An explicit space is needed at the end of the optional text if one is
+desired in the output.
+\item Use the optional arguments to provide customized
+text only if there is a good reason to.
+\end{itemize}
+
+The \cmd\collaboration\ , \cmd\affiliation\ , or even \cmd\title\ can
+also have footnotes attached via these commands. If any ancillary data
+(\cmd\thanks, \cmd\email, \cmd\homepage, or
+\cmd\altaffiliation) are given in the wrong context (e.g., before any
+\cmd\title, \cmd\author, \cmd\collaboration, or \cmd\affiliation\
+command has been given), then a warning is given in the \TeX\ log, and
+the command is ignored.
+
+Duplicate sets of ancillary data are merged, giving rise to a single
+shared footnote. However, this only applies if the ancillary data are
+identical: even the order of the commands specifying the data must be
+identical. Thus, for example, two authors can share a single footnote
+indicating a group e-mail address.
+
+Duplicate \cmd\affiliation\ commands may be given in the course of the
+front matter, without the danger of producing extraneous affiliations
+on the title page. However, ancillary data should be specified for
+only the first instance of any particular institution's
+\cmd\affiliation\ command; a later instance with different ancillary
+data will result in a warning in the \TeX\ log.
+
+It is preferable to arrange authors into
+sets. Within each set all the authors share the same group of
+affiliations. For each author, give the \cmd\author\ (and appropriate
+ancillary data), then follow this author group with the needed group
+of \cmd\affiliation\ commands.
+
+If affiliations have been listed before the first
+\cmd\author\ macro to ensure a particular ordering, be sure
+that any later \cmd\affiliation\ command for the given institution is
+an exact copy of the first, and also ensure that no ancillary data is
+given in these later instances.
+
+
+Each journal class option has a default behavior for the placement of these
+ancillary information footnotes. For instance, the \classoption{prb} option puts all
+such footnotes at the start of the bibliography while the \classoption{prl}
+journal styles displays them on the first page. One can override a
+journal style's default behavior by specifying explicitly the class
+option
+\classoption{bibnotes} (puts the footnotes at the start of the
+bibliography) or \classoption{nobibnotes} (puts them on the first page).
+Please consult the documentation for the various journal style files for further information.
+
+\subsubsection{Specifying first names and surnames}
+
+Many authors have names in which either the surname appears first
+or in which the surname is made up of more than one name. To ensure
+that such names are accurately captured for indexing and other
+purposes, the \cmd\surname\ macro should be used to indicate which portion
+of a name is the surname. Similarly, there is a \cmd\firstname\ macro
+as well, although usage of \cmd\surname\ should be sufficient. If an
+author's surname is a single name and written last, it is not
+necessary to use these macros. These macros do nothing but indicate
+how a name should be indexed. Here are some examples:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\author{Andrew \surname{Lloyd Weber}}
+\author{\surname{Mao} Tse-Tung}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{The abstract}
+An abstract for a paper is specified by using the \env{abstract}
+environment:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{abstract}
+Text of abstract
+\end{abstract}
+\end{verbatim}
+Note that in \revtex~4.2 the abstract must be specified before the
+\cmd\maketitle\ command and there is no need to embed it in an explicit
+minipage environment.
+
+\subsubsection{Structured abstracts}
+A new feature in \revtex~4.2 is support for \textit{structured abstracts}. A ``structured" abstract is an abstract divided into labeled sections. For instance, \textit{Physical Review C} would like authors to provide abstracts with sections summarizing the paper's  \textbf{Background}, \textbf{Purpose}, \textbf{Method}, \textbf{Results}, and \textbf{Conclusions}. This can be accomplished by using the \texttt{description} environment within the \texttt{abstract} environment.  For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{abstract}
+\begin{description}
+\item[Background] This part would describe the
+context needed to understand what the paper
+is about.
+\item[Purpose] This part would state the purpose
+of the present paper.
+\item[Method] This part describe the methods
+used in the paper.
+\item[Results] This part would summarize the
+results.
+\item[Conclusions] This part would state the
+conclusions of the paper.
+\end{description}
+\end{abstract}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{PACS codes}
+PACS codes are obsolete. The \classoption{showpacs} option does nothing, but is present so that older documents may still be processed under \revtex~4.2.
+
+\subsection{Keywords}
+A \cmd\keywords\ macro may also be used to indicate keywords for the
+article. 
+\begin{verbatim}
+\keywords{nuclear form; yrast level}
+\end{verbatim}
+This will be displayed below the abstract and PACS (if supplied). Like
+PACS codes, the actual display of the the keywords is controlled by
+two classoptions: \classoption{showkeys} and
+\classoption{noshowkeys}. An explicit \classoption{showkeys} must be
+included in the \cmd\documentclass\ line to display the keywords.
+
+\subsection{Institutional report numbers}
+Institutional report numbers can be specified using the \cmd\preprint\
+macro. If the \classoption{preprintnumbers} class option is specified, these will be displayed in the upper right corner of the first page. Multiple \cmd\preprint\ macros maybe supplied (space is
+limited though, so only three or less may actually fit). Please note that the \classoption{preprint} class option does not automatically invoke \classoption{preprintnumbers}.
+
+\subsection{maketitle}
+After specifying the title, authors, affiliations, abstract, PACS
+codes, and report numbers, the final step for formatting the front
+matter of the manuscript is to execute the \cmd\maketitle\ macro by
+simply including it:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\maketitle
+\end{verbatim}
+The \cmd\maketitle\ macro must follow all of the macros listed
+above. The macro will format the front matter in accordance with the various
+class options that were specified in the
+\cmd\documentclass\ line (either implicitly through defaults or
+explicitly).
+
+\section{The body of the paper}
+
+For typesetting the body of a paper, \revtex~4.2 relies heavily on
+standard \LaTeXe\ and other packages (particulary those that are part
+of AMS-\LaTeX). Users unfamiliar with these packages should read the
+following sections carefully. 
+
+\subsection{Section headings}
+
+Section headings are input as in \LaTeX.
+The output is similar, with a few extra features.
+
+Four levels of headings are available in \revtex{}:
+\begin{quote}
+\cmd\section\marg{title text}\\
+\cmd\subsection\marg{title text}\\
+\cmd\subsubsection\marg{title text}\\
+\cmd\paragraph\marg{title text}
+\end{quote}
+
+Use the starred form of the command to suppress the automatic numbering; e.g.,
+\begin{verbatim}
+\section*{Introduction}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+To label a section heading for cross referencing, best practice is to
+place the \cmd\label\marg{key} within the argument specifying the heading:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+In some journal substyles, such as those of the APS,
+all text in the \cmd\section\ command is automatically set uppercase.
+If a lowercase letter is needed, use \cmd\lowercase\aarg{x}.
+For example, to use ``He'' for helium in a \cmd\section\marg{title text} command, type
+\verb+H+\cmd\lowercase\aarg{e} in \marg{title text}.
+
+Use \cmd\protect\verb+\\+ to force a line break in a section heading.
+(Fragile commands must be protected in section headings, captions, and
+footnotes and \verb+\\+ is a fragile command.)
+
+\subsection{Paragraphs and General Text}
+
+Paragraphs always end with a blank input line.  Because \TeX\
+automatically calculates linebreaks and word hyphenation in a
+paragraph, it is not necessary to force linebreaks or hyphenation.  Of
+course, compound words should still be explicitly hyphenated, e.g.,
+``author-prepared copy.''
+
+Use directional quotes for quotation marks around quoted text
+(\texttt{``xxx''}), not straight double quotes (\texttt{"xxx"}).
+For opening quotes, use one or two backquotes; for closing quotes,
+use one or two forward quotes (apostrophes).
+
+\subsection{One-column vs. two-column layouts}\label{sec:widetext}
+
+One of the hallmarks of \textit{Physical Review} and many of the AIP journals is their two-column
+formatting. \revtex~4.2 provides the \classoption{reprint} class option that provides for each
+journal class option a close approximation to the journal's actual production formatting. Note that
+the \classoption{reprint} option will give either one or two-column formatting as appropriate for the particular journal.
+For most APS and AIP journals, the \classoption{reprint} option will take care of formatting the front matter
+(including the abstract) as a single column and will typeset the body in two columns. \revtex~4.2 has its own
+built-in two-column formatting macros to provide well-balanced columns as well as reasonable control over the placement of floats in either
+one- or two-column modes. When drafting papers, it is common to use a one-column format. This is best achieved by using the
+\classoption{preprint} class option. Authors may override a particular journal's formatting by using the lower level options \classoption{onecolumn} and \classoption{twocolumn}, but best practice is to stick with the \classoption{preprint} and \classoption{reprint} options.
+
+Please note that the \classoption{reprint} class option is only an \textit{approximation} of a journal's final layout. Because of font differences, figure rescaling, and other factors, authors should not expect the \classoption{reprint} option to give fully accurate estimates of an article's ultimate length after being typeset for the journal.
+
+Occasionally it is necessary to change the formatting from two-column to
+one-column to better accommodate very long equations that are more
+easily read when typeset to the full width of the page. This is
+accomplished using the \env{widetext} environment:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{widetext}
+long equation goes here
+\end{widetext}
+\end{verbatim}
+In two-column mode, this will temporarily return to one-column mode,
+balancing the text before the environment into two short columns, and
+returning to two-column mode after the environment has
+finished. \revtex~4.2 will also add horizontal rules to guide the
+reader's eye through what may otherwise be a confusing break in the
+flow of text. The
+\env{widetext} environment has no effect on the output under the 
+\classoption{preprint} class option because this already uses
+one-column formatting.
+
+Use of the \env{widetext} environment should be restricted to the bare
+minimum of text that needs to be typeset this way. However, short pieces
+of paragraph text and/or math between nearly contiguous wide equations
+should be incorporated into the surrounding wide sections.
+
+Low-level control over the column grid can be accomplished with the
+\cmd\onecolumngrid\ and \cmd\twocolumngrid\ commands. Using these, one
+can avoid the horizontal rules added by \env{widetext}. These commands
+should only be used if absolutely necessary. Wide figures and tables
+should be accommodated using the proper \verb+*+ environments.
+
+\subsection{Cross-referencing}\label{sec:xrefs}
+
+\revtex{} inherits the \LaTeXe\ features for labeling and cross-referencing
+section headings, equations, tables, and figures. This section
+contains a simplified explanation of these cross-referencing features.
+The proper usage in the context of section headings, equations,
+tables, and figures is discussed in the appropriate sections.
+
+Cross-referencing depends upon the use of ``tags,'' which are defined by
+the user.  The \cmd\label\marg{key} command is used to identify tags for
+\revtex. Tags are strings of characters that serve to label section
+headings, equations, tables, and  figures that replace explicit,
+by-hand numbering.
+
+Files that use cross-referencing (and almost all manuscripts do)
+need to be processed through \revtex\ at least twice to
+ensure that the tags have been properly linked to appropriate numbers.
+If any tags are added in subsequent editing sessions, 
+\LaTeX{} will display a warning message in the log file that ends with
+\texttt{... Rerun to get cross-references right}.
+Running the file through \revtex\ again (possibly more than once) will
+resolve the cross-references.  If the error message persists, check
+the labels; the same \marg{key} may have been used to label more than one
+object.
+
+Another \LaTeX\ warning is \texttt{There were undefined references},
+which indicates the use of a key in a \cmd\ref\ without ever
+using it in a \cmd\label\ statement.
+
+\revtex{} performs autonumbering exactly as in standard \LaTeX.
+When the file is processed for the first time,
+\LaTeX\ creates an auxiliary file (with the \file{.aux} extension) that 
+records the value of each \meta{key}.  Each subsequent run retrieves
+the proper number from the auxiliary file and updates the auxiliary
+file.  At the end of each run, any change in the value of a \meta{key}
+produces a \LaTeX\ warning message.
+
+Note that with footnotes appearing in the bibliography, extra passes
+of \LaTeX\ may be needed to resolve all cross-references. For
+instance, putting a \cmd\cite\ inside a \cmd\footnote\ will require at
+least three passes.
+
+Using the \classname{hyperref} package to create hyperlinked PDF files
+will cause reference ranges to be expanded to list every
+reference in the range. This behavior can be avoided by using the
+\classname{hypernat} package available from \url{www.ctan.org}.
+
+\subsection{Acknowledgments}
+Use the \env{acknowledgments} environment for an acknowledgments
+section.  Depending on the journal substyle, this element may be
+formatted as an unnumbered section titled \textit{Acknowledgments} or
+simply as a paragraph. Please note the spelling of
+``acknowledgments.''
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{acknowledgments}
+The authors would like to thank...
+\end{acknowledgments}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Appendices}
+The \cmd\appendix\ command signals that all following sections are
+appendices, so \cmd\section\marg{title text} after \cmd\appendix\ will set
+\marg{title text} as an appendix heading (an empty \marg{title text}
+is permitted). For a single appendix, use a
+\cmd\appendix\verb+*+ followed by \cmd\section\marg{title text}
+command to suppress the appendix letter in the section heading.
+
+\subsection{\label{sec:lineno}Line numbering}
+\revtex~4.2 provides the \classoption{linenumbers} class option to enable line numbering. While it is
+possible to directly call in the \classname{lineno.sty}, using the class option ensures
+that the default parameters needed to properly typeset the line numbers are set up correctly. It is
+still possible for authors to override parameters such as \cmd\linenumbersep\ as usual, however.
+
+\section{Math and equations}\label{sec:math}
+
+\subsection{Math in text}
+
+Not surprisingly, \revtex\ uses the \TeX\ math \verb+$+ delimiters
+for math embedded in text. For example,
+\verb|$a^{z}$| gives $a^{z}$.  Within math mode, use
+\verb+^+\marg{math} for superscripts and
+\verb+_+\marg{math} for subscripts. If the braces after the
+\verb+^+ are omitted, \TeX{} will
+superscript the next \emph{token} (generally a single character or
+command). Thus it is safest to use explicit braces \verb+{}+.
+
+As with text, math should not require extensive explicit vertical or
+horzontal motion commands, because \TeX\ calculates math spacing
+itself automatically.  In particular, explicit spacing around
+relations (e.g., $=$) or operators (e.g., $+$) should be
+unnecessary. These suggestions notwithstanding, some fine-tuning of
+math is required in specific cases, see Chapter~18 in the \TeX
+book\cite{TeXbook}.
+
+\subsection{Text in math}\label{sec:textinmath}
+
+There are times when normal, non-italic text needs to be inserted
+into a math expression.  The \cmd\text\marg{text} command is the
+preferred method of accomplishing this.  It produces regular text
+\emph{and} scales correctly in superscripts:
+\verb+$y=x \text{ for } x_{\text{e-p}}$+ gives 
+``$y=x \text{ for } x_{\text{e-p}}$''. To use the \cmd\text\ command,
+the \classname{amsmath} package must be loaded: include a
+\cmd\usepackage\aarg{\classname{amsmath}} command in the document
+preamble or use the class option \classoption{amsmath}. Please note
+that \revtex~4.2 requires version 2.0 or higher of \classname{amsmath}.
+
+Other common alternatives may be less desirable. Using the standard
+\LaTeXe\  \cmd\mbox\marg{text} will give normal text, including a hyphen,
+but will not scale correctly in superscripts:
+\verb+$x_{\mbox{e-p}}$+ gives ``$x_{\mbox{e-p}}$''.
+The \cmd\rm\ command
+only switches to Roman font for math letters.  It does not, for
+example, handle hyphens correctly:
+\verb+$$x_{\rm{e-p}}$+ gives ``$x_{\rm e-p}$''. But note that with
+\cmd\textrm{}, it does work: \verb+$x_{\textrm{e-p}}$+ gives ``$x_{\textrm{e-p}}$''.
+
+\subsection{Displayed equations}\label{sec:dispmath}
+
+Equations are set centered in the column width or flush left depending
+on the selected journal substyle.
+
+For the simplest type of displayed equation, a numbered, one-line
+equation, use the \env{equation} environment.
+\revtex\ takes care of the equation number%
+---the number will be set below the equation if necessary.
+Use \cmd\[\dots\cmd\] for a single, one-line unnumbered display equation.
+
+Use the \env{eqnarray} environment when more than one consecutive
+equation occurs, putting each equation in a separate row of the
+environment, and using \cmd\nonumber\ before the row end (\cmd\\) to
+suppress the equation number where necessary.  If the equations are
+related to each other, align each on the respective relation operator
+(such as $=$).
+
+When an equation is broken over lines or is continued over multiple
+relation operators, it is called a multi-line or continued equation,
+respectively; here, too, use the \env{eqnarray} environment.
+
+For a continued equation, align each row on the relation operator just
+as with multiple equations, and use the \cmd\nonumber\ command to
+suppress auto-numbering on broken lines.  Also, use the starred form
+of the row end (\cmd\\\verb+*+) to prevent a pagebreak at that
+juncture.
+
+Short displayed equations that can appear together on a single line
+separated by \cmd\qquad\ space may be placed in a single
+\env{equation} environment.
+
+As explained in Section~\ref{sec:widetext}, occasionally in two-column
+mode a long equation, in order to fit it in the narrow column width,
+would need to be broken into so many lines that it would affect
+readibility. Set it in a wide column using the \env{widetext}
+environment. Then return to the normal text width as soon as
+possible.
+
+The sample file \file{apssamp.tex} illustrates how to obtain each of
+the above effects.
+
+\subsection{Numbering displayed equations}
+
+\revtex~4.2 automatically numbers equations.
+For single-line and multi-line equations, use the
+\env{equation} and \env{eqnarray} environments as described above.
+For unnumbered single-line equations, use the \verb+\[+\dots\verb+\]+
+construction.  The command \cmd\nonumber\ will suppress the numbering
+on a single line of an
+\env{eqnarray}.
+For a multi-line equation with no equation numbers at all,
+use the \env{eqnarray*} environment.
+
+A series of equations can be a labeled with a lettered sequence,
+e.g., (3a), (3b), and (3c), by
+putting the respective \env{equation} or \env{eqnarray} environment within a
+\env{subequations} environment. 
+The \classname{amsmath} package (can be loaded with the
+\classoption{amsmath} class option) is required for this.
+
+Use the command \cmd\tag\marg{number} to produce an idiosyncratic
+equation number: $(1')$, for example.  Numbers assigned by \cmd\tag\
+are completely independent of \revtex's automatic numbering.  The
+package \classname{amsmath} is required for using the \cmd\tag\
+command. Please
+note that the use of the \texttt{tag} command may conflict with the use of the \classoption{hyperref} package
+due an incompatibility between \classoption{amsmath} and \classoption{hyperref}. 
+
+To have \revtex{} reset the equation numbers at the start of each section,
+use the \classoption{eqsecnum} class option in the document preamble. 
+
+See the sample file \file{apssamp.tex} for some examples.
+
+\subsection{Cross-referencing displayed equations}
+
+To refer to a numbered equation, use
+the \cmd\label\marg{key} and \cmd\ref\marg{key} commands.
+The \cmd\label\marg{key} command is used within the referenced equation
+(on the desired line of the \env{eqnarray}, if a multi-line equation):
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{equation}
+ A=B \label{pauli}
+\end{equation}
+ ... It follows from Eq.~(\ref{pauli})
+that this is the case ...
+\begin{eqnarray}
+ A & = &B,\label{pauli2}\\
+ A'& = &B'
+\end{eqnarray}
+\end{verbatim}
+gives 
+\begin{equation}
+A=B \label{pauli}
+\end{equation}
+ ... It follows from Eq.~(\ref{pauli})
+that this is the case ...
+\begin{eqnarray}
+A & = &B,\label{pauli2}\\
+A'& = &B'
+\end{eqnarray}
+
+Please note the parentheses surrounding the \cmd\ref\ command.
+These are \emph{not} provided automatically and, thus, must be
+explicitly incorporated.
+
+Numbers produced with \cmd\tag\ can also be cross-referenced by adding
+a \cmd\label\ command after the \cmd\tag\ command.
+
+Using a \cmd\label\ after \envb{subequations} to reference the
+\emph{general} number of the equations in the
+\env{subequations} environment. For example, if
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{subequations}
+ \label{allequations} % notice location
+ \begin{eqnarray}
+  E&=&mc^2,\label{equationa}
+ \\
+  E&=&mc^2,\label{equationb}
+ \\
+  E&=&mc^2,\label{equationc}
+ \end{eqnarray}
+\end{subequations}
+\end{verbatim}
+%
+gives the output
+\begin{subequations}
+\label{allequations} % notice location
+\begin{eqnarray}
+E&=&mc^2,\label{equationa}
+\\
+E&=&mc^2,\label{equationb}
+\\
+E&=&mc^2,\label{equationc}
+\end{eqnarray}
+\end{subequations}
+%
+then \verb+Eq.~(\ref{allequations})+ gives ``Eq.~(\ref{allequations})''.
+
+{\bf Note:} incorrect cross-referencing will result if
+\cmd\label\ is used in an unnumbered single-line equation
+(i.e., within the \verb+\[+ and \verb+\]+ commands),
+or if \cmd\label\ is used on a line of an eqnarray that is not being numbered
+(i.e., a line that has a \cmd\nonumber).
+
+\subsection{Using the AMS packages \classoption{amsfonts},
+\classoption{amssymb}, and \classoption{amsmath}}\label{AMS}
+
+The American Mathematical Society's AMS-\LaTeX\ packages provided extra
+fonts, symbols, and math markup that are quite convenient. \revtex~4.2
+supports the use of these packages directly. To use the \classoption{amsfonts},
+\classoption{amssymb}, and \classoption{amsmath} class options,
+AMS-\LaTeX\ (and perhaps the additional AMS fonts) will need to be
+installed. Please note that \revtex~4.2 requires version 2.0 or higher
+of AMS-\LaTeX. These packages can be downloaded from
+\url{http://www.ams.org/tex/}.
+
+There are two class options for accessing the AMS fonts:
+\classoption{amsfonts} and \classoption{amssymb}.
+The \classoption{amsfonts} option defines the \cmd\mathfrak\ and
+\cmd\mathbb\ commands to switch to the Fraktur and
+Blackboard Bold fonts, respectively.
+These fonts are selected with the \cmd\mathfrak\ and \cmd\mathbb\
+font-switching commands:
+\verb+${\mathfrak{G}}$+ gives a Fraktur ``$\mathfrak{G}$''
+and \verb+${\mathbb{Z}}$+ gives a Blackboard Bold ``$\mathbb{Z}$''.
+\revtex{} does not currently support the use of the extra Euler fonts
+(the AMS fonts starting with \texttt{eur} or \texttt{eus}) or the
+Cyrillic fonts (the AMS fonts starting with \texttt{w}).
+
+The \classoption{amssymb} class option gives all the font
+capabilities of the
+\classoption{amsfonts} class option and further defines the commands
+for many commonly used math symbols. These symbols will scale
+correctly in superscripts and other places. See the AMS-\LaTeX\
+documentation for the complete list of symbols available.
+
+\subsection{Bold symbols in math}\label{sec:bboxamsfonts}
+
+\revtex~4.2 uses the standard \LaTeXe\ Bold Math (\classname{bm}) package as the
+basis for creating bold symbols in math mode. As usual, this requires
+an explicit \cmd\usepackage\aarg{\classname{bm}} in the document
+preamble. The command
+\cmd\bm\marg{symbol} makes \marg{symbol} bold in math mode, ensuring
+that it is the correct size, even in superscripts. If the correct font
+in the correct size is not available then result is the \marg{symbol}
+set at the
+correct size in lightface and a \LaTeXe\ warning that says
+``\texttt{No boldmath typeface in this size}\dots''. Most bold special
+characters will require that the AMS fonts be installed and the
+\classoption{amsfonts} class option be invoked.
+
+\cmd\bm\ is the proper means to get bold Greek characters---upper- and
+lowercase---and other symbols.
+The following will come out bold with \cmd\bm:
+normal math italic letters, numbers,
+Greek letters (uppercase and lowercase),
+small bracketing and operators, and \cmd\mathcal. Fraktur
+characters will come out bold in a \cmd\bm; however, Blackboard Bold
+requires using the \cmd\mathbb\ command rather than \cmd{\bm}.
+The \classoption{amsfonts} option adds support for bold math
+letters and symbols in smaller sizes and in superscripts when a
+\cmd\bm\marg{symbol} is used. 
+For example, \verb+$\pi^{\bm{\pi}}$+ gives a bold
+lowercase pi in the superscript position: $^{\pi\bm{\pi}}$.
+
+Note that \cmd\bm\marg{math} is a fragile command and, thus, should be
+preceded by \cmd\protect\ in commands with moving arguments.
+
+\section{Footnotes}
+\LaTeX's standard \cmd\footnote\ command is available in
+\revtex~4.2. The footnote text can either appear at the bottom of a page or
+as part of the bibliography. This choice can be controlled by two class options:
+\classoption{footinbib} and \classoption{nofootinbib}. \revtex~4.2
+defaults to the former.  Specific journal options may select a
+different value than the default.
+
+Please note that even if  Bib\TeX\ is not being used for the references, you
+may have to run Bib\TeX\ if you are using footnotes without the \classoption{nofootinbib} option.
+The log file will contain errors about missing references such as \texttt{Note1} in this case and a file ending in
+\texttt{Notes.bib} will have been produced during the processing of the \TeX\ file.
+
+Note that in the latter case, the
+argument of the
+\cmd\footnote\ command is a moving argument in the sense of the \LUG,
+Appendix~C.1.3: any fragile command within that argument must be
+preceded by a \cmd\protect\ command.
+
+The \cmd\footnote\ macro \emph{should not} be used in the front
+matter for indicating author/affiliation relationships or to provide
+additional information about authors (such as an e-mail
+address). See Section~\ref{sec:footau} for the proper way to do
+this.
+
+Finally, footnotes that appear in tables behave differently. They
+will be typeset as part of the table itself. See
+Section~\ref{sec:tablenote} for details.
+
+\section{Citations and References}\label{sec:endnotes}
+
+\revtex~4.2 adds significant new functionality to \revtex~4's 
+typesetting of citations and references. The new functionality is
+designed to make it easier to use Bib\TeX\ and produce the desired output 
+in the reference section without having to edit Bib\TeX's output. The new features include:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Endnotes created with the \cmd\footnote\ command are automatically interleaved with the bibliographic references. \revtex~4 would typeset all endnotes at the end of the bibliography.
+\item Combining multiple references automatically into a single entry in the bibliography. \revtex~4 required by-hand editing of Bib\TeX\ output. This is achieved by prepending an asterisk (*) to the reference's \textit{key} in the \cmd\cite\ command. \verb+\cite{{key1,*key2}+ would make a single entry in the bibliography by combining into one \cmd\bibitem\ the entries from the \texttt{.bib} file with keys \textit{key1} and \textit{key2}. See Section~\ref{sec:multiple} for more details.
+\item Text can be prepended or appended to an entry in the bibliography. \revtex~4 required by-hand editing of the Bib\TeX\ output. See Section~\ref{sec:prepend} for an example of how to do this.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Proper formatting of references requires Patrick Daly's \classname{natbib} citation package. \BibTeX\ style files
+for APS and AIP journals are created using his \classname{custom-bib} tool kit. From an author's point of view, all this means is that a proper
+\revtex~4.2 installation requires having \classname{natbib} (version 8.31a
+or higher) installed. It also means that the full set of
+\classname{natbib} functionality is available from within \revtex~4.2
+(but see the \textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.2} and \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.2} for restrictions if
+submitting to an APS or AIP journal). The \classname{natbib} documentation contains many examples; see in
+particular the \verb+natnotes.tex+ file for a convenient summary. Please also note that \classname{natbib 8.3} and later now gives an error (rather than merely a warning as in earlier versions) if you try to use a Bib\TeX\ file that isn't compatible with author-year style citations with a journal style that requires author-year citations (such as \textit{Reviews of Modern Physics}).
+
+\subsection{Citing a reference}
+As in standard \LaTeX, references are cited in text using the
+\cmd\cite\marg{key} command and are listed in the bibliography using
+the \cmd\bibitem\marg{key} command. The \cmd\cite{} macro enables
+\revtex~4.2 to automatically number the references in the manuscript.
+
+A typical example might be:
+\begin{verbatim}
+String theory\cite{GSW} attempts to 
+provide a theory of everything.
+\end{verbatim}
+The corresponding \cmd\bibitem{} would be:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\bibitem{GSW} M.~Greene, J.~Schwarz, and
+E.~Witten, \textit{Superstring Theory:
+Introduction}, (Cambridge University
+Press, London, 1985).
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Journals differ in how the \cmd\cite\ will be displayed.  Most APS journals
+display the citation in-line, as a number, enclosed in square brackets,
+\textit{e.g.}, ``String theory[1] attempts\dots.'' Other journals
+may instead use a number in a superscript: ``String theory$^{1}$ attempts\dots.''
+Selecting the journal substyle using a class option will invoke the appropriate style.
+In journal substyles using superscripts,
+the macro the \cmd\onlinecite\marg{key} is necessary to get the number
+to appear on the baseline.
+For example, ``String theory (see, for example,
+\verb+Ref.~\onlinecite{GSW}+)'' will give the output
+``String theory (see, for example, Ref.~1).''
+
+The \cmd{\onlinecite} command has the same semantics as
+\classname{natbib}'s \cmd{\citealp} command.
+
+A \cmd\cite\ command with multiple keys is formatted with consecutive
+reference numbers collapsed; e.g., [1,2,3,5] will be output as
+[1--3,5].  To split the list over more than one line, use
+a \verb+%+ character immediately following a comma:
+\begin{verbatim}
+. . .  \cite{a,b,c,d,e,f,%
+g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z}
+\end{verbatim}
+The \verb+%+ avoids unwanted spaces.
+
+\subsection{Author/Year (Non-numeric) Citations}
+
+\textit{Reviews of Modern Physics} uses a citation style based on the
+first author's last name and the year of the reference rather than a
+simple number. Support for this style of citing references is the
+primary reason \revtex~4.2 uses the \classname{natbib}
+package. \classname{natbib} uses an optional argument to the
+\cmd\bibitem\ macro to specify what text to use for the \cmd\cite\
+text:
+\begin{quote}
+\cmd\bibitem\verb+[+\meta{short-name}\verb+(+\meta{year}\verb+)+\meta{long-name}\verb+]+
+\end{quote}
+where \meta{short-name} is the author name used in a parenthetical citation, 
+\meta{long-name} that used in a textual citation, and 
+\meta{year} is the year. More concretely, the \cmd\bibitem\ example
+above would appear as
+\begin{verbatim}
+\bibitem[Greene et al.(1985)Green,
+Schwarz, and Witten]{GSW}
+M.~Greene, J.~Schwarz, and E.~Witten,
+\textit{Superstring Theory},
+(Cambridge Press, London, 1985).
+\end{verbatim}
+
+When the citation constitutes part of the grammar of the sentence,
+the \cmd\textcite\marg{key} command may be used (analogous to the
+\cmd\onlinecite\ command above). Both \cmd\textcite\ and
+\cmd\onlinecite\ are built upon \classname{natbib}'s rich repertoire of
+macros (\cmd\citep{}, \cmd\citet{}, etc.). These macros are available in
+\revtex~4.2; however, APS authors must follow the
+\textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.2}
+guidelines regarding \classname{natbib}'s macros.
+
+\subsection{Combined Author/Year and Numeric Citations}
+
+AIP's \textit{Journal of Mathematical Physics} uses a combined author/year and numerical citation style. \revtex~4.2 supports this referencing style. Please see the \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.2} for more information about this style.
+
+\subsection{\label{sec:use-bib}Using Bib\TeX}
+
+The \cmd\bibitem{} entries can be coded by hand as above, of course, but the
+use of \BibTeX\ with the new style files provided with \revtex~4.2 makes
+it particularly simple to generate marked-up references that can, for
+instance, take advantage of packages like
+\classname{hyperref} for linking. They also save the trouble of having
+to specify formatting like the italics for the book title in the above
+example. And, for those wishing to use author/year citations, \BibTeX\ 
+will automatically generate the appropriate optional arguments for the
+\cmd\bibitem\ commands.
+
+\BibTeX\ is an adjunct to \LaTeX\ that aids in the
+preparation of  bibliographies. \BibTeX\ allows authors to build up a
+database or collection of bibliography entries that may be used for many
+manuscripts. A \BibTeX\ style file then specifies how to transform the
+entries into a proper \cmd\bibitem{} for a particular journal. Here we
+give a brief summary of how to get started with \BibTeX. More details can be
+found in the LaTeX books listed in the references.
+
+Selecting a journal style by using an appropriate class option will
+automatically select the correct \BibTeX\ style file from those included in
+\revtex~4.2. Five basic \BibTeX\ style files are included: \file{apsrev4-2.bst} (APS journals using a numeric citation style, \textit{i.e.}, all but RMP), \file{apsrmp4-2.bst} (author/year style citations for RMP),
+\file{aipauth4-2.bst} (AIP journal using an author/year citation style),  \file{aipnum4-2.bst} (AIP journals using a numeric citation style) and \file{aapmrev4-2.bst} for AAPM journals. The selection can be overridden by specifying an
+alternative \file{.bst} file using the standard \LaTeXe
+\cmd\bibliographystyle\ macro. This must appear in the preamble
+before the \envb{document} line in \revtex~4.2 (this differs from
+standard \LaTeX).
+
+The \BibTeX\ database files will contain entries such as:
+\begin{verbatim}
+@Book{GSW,
+  author=``M. Greene, J. Schwarz,
+           E. Witten'',
+  title=``Superstring theory:
+          Introduction'',
+  publisher=``Cambridge University
+          Press'',
+  address=``London'',
+  year=``1985''
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+There are entry formats for articles, technical reports, e-prints,
+theses, books, proceedings, and articles that appear in books or
+proceedings. The styles provided with
+\revtex~4.2 also allows URL's and e-print identifiers to be specified
+for any of the different entry types. There is also an additional
+``collaboration'' field that can be used in addition to ``author'.'
+
+To actually create the bibliography in the manuscript, the
+\cmd\bibliography\marg{bib files} macro is used. 
+Here \meta{bib files} is a comma-separated list of \BibTeX\ bibliography
+database files, each with the \file{.bib} extension. The
+\cmd\bibliography\ macro should be placed at the location where the
+references are to appear (usually after the main body of the
+paper). When the manuscript is processed with \LaTeX\ for the first
+time, the keys corresponding for the \cmd\cite{} macros used in the
+manuscript are written out to the \file{.aux} file. Then \BibTeX\ should
+be run (if the manuscript is called \file{paper.tex}, the command would
+be \verb+bibtex paper+. This will produce a \file{.bbl} file containing all
+of the \cmd\bibitem{}'s for the manuscript. Subsequent runs of \LaTeXe\
+will call this file in to resolve the references. \LaTeXe\ should be run
+repeatedly until all references are resolved.
+
+The \BibTeX-produced \cmd\bibitem{}'s created using the \revtex\ style files appear considerably more complex than the example given
+above. This is because the style files add in \cmd\bibinfo{},
+\cmd\bibnamefont{}, \cmd\eprint{}, and \cmd\url{} macros for
+specifying additional formatting and tagging. The \cmd\bibinfo\ macro
+is mostly a do-nothing macro that serves merely to tag the information with
+the field information from the original entry in the \BibTeX\ database.
+The \cmd\eprint\ and \cmd\url\ macros can be used to create the
+appropriate hyperlinks in target formats such as PDF.
+
+For more information on using \BibTeX\ with \LaTeX, see Sections~4.3.1
+and~C.11.3 of the \LUG\cite{LaTeXman}, Section~13.2 of \cite{Compan},
+or the online \BibTeX\ manual \file{btxdoc.tex} from 
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/distribs/doc/}.
+
+\subsubsection{\texttt{arXiv.org} support}
+
+\revtex~4.2 supports citing e-prints from \texttt{arXiv.org} For instance, the \texttt{.bib} entry
+\begin{verbatim}
+@Unpublished{Ginsparg:1988ui,
+  author    = "Ginsparg, Paul H.",
+  title     = "{Applied Conformal Field Theory}",
+  year      = "1988",
+  eprint    = "hep-th/9108028",
+  archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+  SLACcitation  = "%%CITATION=HEP-TH/9108028;%%"
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+will include the arXiv.org e-print identifier as \texttt{arXiv:hep-th/9108028} and hyperlink it (if using \texttt{hyperref}). The newer format for arXiv identifiers with primary classifications will produce appropriate output  For example,
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+@Unpublished{Ginsparg:2014,
+      author = "Ginsparg, Paul",
+      title = "{Kenneth G. Wilson: Renormalized After-Dinner Anecdotes}",
+      year = "2014",
+      eprint = "1407.1855",
+      archivePrefix = "arXiv",
+      primaryClass = "physics.hist-ph",
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+will generate \texttt{arXiv:1407.1855 [physics.hist-ph]} and hyperlink it.
+
+\subsubsection{\texttt{noeprint} option}
+In the \revtex~4.2 Bib\TeX\ style files, the behavior of the \texttt{noeprint} option was changed to only suppress the arXiv identifiers for journal references, but keep them for e-print references.
+
+\subsubsection{\label{sec:datacitations}Citing data sets with a DOI}
+Bib\TeX\ styles in \revtex~4.2 add support for citing data sets using the new Bib\TeX\ type \texttt{@dataset}:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+@dataset{haigh:2016,
+ author = "Haigh, J. A. and Lambert, N. J. and 
+   Sharma, S. and Blanter, Y. and
+   Bauer, G. E. W. and Ramsay, A. J.",
+ year = "2018",
+ title = "{Data from Figures in``Selection rules 
+  for cavity-enhanced Brillouin light scattering
+  from magnetostatic modes" [Data set]}",
+ doi = "10.5281/zenodo.1284434",
+ note = "{Zenodo}"
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+This results in the formatted reference: ``J. A. Haigh, N. J. Lambert, S. Sharma, Y. Blanter, G. E. W. Bauer, and A. J. Ramsay, Data from Figures in ``Selection
+rules for cavity-enhanced Brillouin light scattering from magnetostatic modes" [Data set], 10.5281/zenodo.1284434 (2018),
+Zenodo."
+
+This is primarily intended for data sets that have a DOI assigned to them.
+
+\subsubsection{\label{sec:doiref}Journal references with only DOIs}
+Some journals have moved to using only a volume and DOI to identify an article and do not assign page numbers or article identifiers. In the \texttt{apsrev.bst} Bib\TeX\ style file used for the \textit{Phys. Rev.} journals, If the \texttt{pages} field is absent from an entry in the \texttt{bib} file, but the \texttt{doi} field is present, the DOI will be explicitly displayed and linked in the formatted reference.
+
+\subsubsection{\label{sec:jhep}Journals that use the year and issue for unique citations}
+The \texttt{apsrev.bst} style used for \textit{Phys. Rev.} journals now includes support for four journals that use the year in place of a volume and require an explicit issue to uniquely cite a paper:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item J. High Energy Phys.
+ \item J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.
+ \item J. Instrum.
+ \item J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp.
+ \end{itemize}
+ 
+ The Bib\TeX\ entry must \textbf{exactly} match one of the these four abbreviated journal names or use the corresponding macro, \texttt{jhep}, \texttt{jcap}, \texttt{jinst}, or \texttt{jstat}, resp., to invoke the proper formatting. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+@Article{Cotogno2017,
+   author="Cotogno, Sabrina and van Daal, Tom
+                 and Mulders, Piet J.",
+  title="Positivity bounds on gluon {TMDs} 
+           for hadrons of spin $\le$ 1",,
+  journal=jhep,
+  year="2017",
+  month="Nov",
+  day="28",
+  volume="2017",
+  number="11",
+  pages="185",
+  doi="10.1007/JHEP11(2017)185",
+  url="https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2017)185"
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+will be formatted as  ``S. Cotogno, T. van Daal, and P. J. Mulders, Positivity bounds on gluon TMDs for hadrons of spin $\le$ 1, J. High Energy Phys. 2017 (11), 185."
+
+\subsection{\label{sec:multiple}Multiple references in a single bibliography entry}
+\revtex~4.2 allows multiple references within a single bibliography entry when using Bib\TeX. This done by using a starred (*) argument to the \cmd\cite\ command, and it requires a compatible version of \texttt{natbib} and the \texttt{bst} files that come with \revtex~4.2. To combine multiple references into a single \cmd\bibitem, precede the second, third, etc. citation keys in the \cmd\cite\ command with an asterisk (*). For example \verb+\cite{bethe, *feynman, *bohr}+ will combine the \cmd\bibitem\relax s with keys \texttt{bethe}, \texttt{feynman}, and \texttt{bohr} into a single entry in the bibliography separated by semicolons.
+
+\subsection{\label{sec:prepend}Prepending and/or appending text to a citation}
+The expanded syntax for the  \cmd\cite\ command argument can also be used to specify text before and/or after a citation. For instance, a citation such as:
+\begin{verbatim}
+[19] A similar expression was derived in
+A. V. Andreev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 247204
+(2007) in the context of carbon nanotube
+p-n junctions. The only difference is that no
+integration over ky is present there.
+\end{verbatim}
+may be created by the following \cmd\cite\ command:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\cite{*[{A similar expression was derived
+in }] [{ in the context of carbon nanotube
+p-n junctions. The only difference is that
+no integration over ky is present
+there.}] andreev2007}
+\end{verbatim}
+Please note the use of curly braces to enclose the text within the square brackets as well as the spaces next to the brackets.
+
+
+
+\section{Figures and Artwork}\label{sec:figures}
+\subsection{\texttt{figure} environment}
+
+Figures may be included into a \revtex~4.2 manuscript by using the
+standard \LaTeXe\ macros. It should be noted that \LaTeXe\ includes
+several powerful packages for including the files in various
+formats. The two main packages are \classname{graphics} and
+\classname{graphicx}. Both offer a macro called
+\cmd\includegraphics\oarg{args}\marg{filename}; 
+they mainly differ in how arguments for
+controlling figure scaling, translation, and orientation
+are specified. For more information on the enhancements of the \classname{graphicx} package, 
+see \cite{CompanG} or the guide \file{grfguide.pdf} available at
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/graphics/}.
+\revtex~4.2 no longer has the \classoption{epsf} class option, though
+the \classname{epsfig} package provides a similar interface.
+
+
+The \env{figure} environment should be used to add a caption to the figure and
+to allow \LaTeX\ to number and place the figures where they fit best. 
+\LaTeX\  will label and automatically number the captions FIG.~1,
+FIG.~2, etc. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{figure}
+ \includegraphics{fig1.eps}
+ \caption{\label{fig1}Text of first caption.}
+\end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+Note how the \cmd\label\marg{key} command is used to cross-reference
+figures in text. The \cmd\label\marg{key} command should be inserted
+inside the figure caption. As usual, the \cmd\ref\marg{key} macro can
+then by used to refer to the label: ``As depicted in
+FIG.\verb+~\ref{fig1}+\dots''.
+
+Figures are normally set to the width of the column in
+which they are placed. This means that in two-column mode, the figure
+will be placed in a single, narrow column. For wide figures, the
+\cmd\figure\verb+*+ environment should be used
+instead. This will place the figure across both columns (the figure
+usually will
+appear either at the top or the bottom of the following page).
+
+
+Captions less than one line long are centered under the figure,
+otherwise they span the width of the figure.
+
+Note that is unnecessary (and undesirable) to use explicit centering
+commands inside the float environments.
+
+\subsection{\texttt{video} environment}
+Papers often refer to multimedia material such as videos. The \texttt{video} environment is identical to the \texttt{figure} environment, but the caption will be labeled as a \textbf{Video} (with its own counter independent of figures). A URL can also be specified so that the caption label can be linked to the online video (if using the \texttt{hyperref} package). The included graphic (using \cmd\includegraphics\ from the \texttt{graphics} or \texttt{graphicx} package) would be a representation frame from the video. A \texttt{\cmd\listofvideos} is also provided.  For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{video}
+\includegraphics{videoframe.jpg}
+\setfloatlink{http://some.video.com/fun.mov}
+\caption{\label{vid:interest}This is a video
+of something fun.}
+\end{video}
+\end{verbatim}
+There is also a corresponding \cmd\listofvideos\ command.
+
+\section{Tables}\label{sec:tables}
+
+Tables are very similar to figures. They should be input using the
+\env{table} environment as detailed below, and 
+\LaTeX\ will label and number the captions TABLE~1, TABLE~2, etc.
+(or in whatever format required by the chosen journal
+substyle). Tables without captions won't be numbered.
+
+Each table must begin with \envb{table}, end with \enve{table}. A
+caption can be specified using the \cmd\caption\marg{text} command.
+Captions less than one line long are centered under the figure,
+otherwise they span the width of the figure.
+To refer to the table via cross-referencing, a \cmd\label\marg{key}
+command should appear within the \cmd{\caption}.  Use the
+\cmd\ref\marg{key} command to cite tables in text. The \env{table}
+environment will set the table to the width of the column. Thus, in
+two-column mode, the table will be confined to a single column. To set a
+table to the full width of the page, rather than the column, use the
+\env{table*} environment.
+
+The heart of the table is the
+\env{tabular} environment. This will behave for the most part as in
+standard \LaTeXe\ (please refer to Section~3.6.3 and Appendix~C.10.2 of the
+\LUG{} for more details about the \env{tabular} environment).
+Note that \revtex~4.2 no longer automatically adds double (Scotch) rules
+around tables. Nor does the \env{tabular} environment set various
+table parameters for column spacing as before. Instead, a new
+environment \env{ruledtabular} provides this functionality. This
+environment should surround the \env{tabular} environment:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{table}
+\caption{\label{<key>}....}
+\begin{ruledtabular}
+\begin{tabular}
+...
+\end{tabular}
+\end{ruledtabular}
+\end{table}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+A basic table looks as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{table}
+\caption{\label{tab:ex}Text of table caption.}
+\begin{ruledtabular}
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+  Heading 1 & Heading 2\\
+  Cell 1 & Cell 2\\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{ruledtabular}
+\end{table}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The \env{quasitable} environment is no longer in \revtex~4.2. The
+standard \env{tabular} environment can be used instead because it
+no longer puts in the double rules.
+
+\subsection{Aligning on a decimal point}
+Numerical columns should align on the decimal point (or
+decimal points if more than one is is present). This is accomplished
+by again using a standard \LaTeXe\ package, \classname{dcolumn} which
+must be loaded in the manuscript's preamble:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\usepackage{dcolumn}
+\end{verbatim}
+Once this package is loaded, the column specifier `\texttt{d}' can be
+used in the table's \env{tabular}\marg{preamble} enviroment preamble.
+The `\texttt{d}' should be used for simple numeric data with a single
+decimal point.
+%
+The entry of a \texttt{d} column is typeset in math mode; do not
+insert any \verb+$+ math delimiters into a `\texttt{d}' column.  Items
+without a decimal point are simply set in math mode, centered.  If
+text is required in the column, use \cmd\text\ or \cmd\mbox\ as
+appropriate.  If multiple decimal points are present then the last is
+used for alignment. To escape from the `\texttt{d}' column use
+\cmd\multicolumn\ as usual. See the sample file \file{apssamp.tex} for examples.
+
+\subsection{Footnotes in Tables}\label{sec:tablenote}
+
+Footnotes in a table are labeled \emph{a}, \emph{b}, \emph{c},
+etc. They can be specified by using the \LaTeX\ \cmd\footnote\
+command. Furthermore,
+\cmd\footnotemark\ and \cmd\footnotetext\ can be used so that multiple entries
+can to refer to the same footnote. The footnotes for a table are typeset
+at the bottom of the table, rather than at the bottom of the page or
+at the end of the references. The arguments for \cmd\footnotemark\ and
+\cmd\footnotetext\ should be numbers 1, 2, \dots. The journal style
+will convert these to letters.  See sample file \file{apssamp.tex} for
+examples and explanations of use.
+
+\subsection{Dealing with Long Tables}
+By default, tables are set in a smaller size than the text body
+(\cmd\small). The \cmd\squeezetable\ declaration makes the table font
+smaller still (\cmd\scriptsize).  Thus, putting the
+\cmd\squeezetable\ command before the \envb{table} line in a table
+will reduce the font size. If this isn't sufficient to fit
+the table on a page, the standard \LaTeXe\ \classname{longtable}
+package may be used. The scope of the
+\cmd\squeezetable\ command must be limited by enclosing it with a group:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begingroup
+\squeezetable
+\begin{table}
+[...]
+\end{table}
+\endgroup
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Tables are normally set to the width of the column in
+which they are placed. This means that in two-column mode, the table
+will be placed in a single, narrow column. For wide tables, the
+\cmd\table\verb+*+ environment should be used
+instead. This will place the table across both columns (the table
+usually will
+appear either at the top or the bottom of the following page).
+
+
+To break tables across pages, \revtex~4.2 requires adding to the
+table a float placement option of [H] (meaning put the table ``here''
+and effectively ``unfloating'' the table) to the \envb{table}
+command. The commands \verb+\\*+ and \cmd{\samepage} can be used to
+control where the page breaks occur (these are the same as for the
+\env{eqnarray} environment).
+
+Long tables are more robustly handled by using the
+\classname{longtable.sty} package included with the standard \LaTeXe\
+distribution (put \verb+\usepackage{longtable}+ in the preamble). This
+package gives precise control over the layout of the table.
+The \revtex~4.2 package contains patches that enable the
+\classname{longtable} package to work in two-column mode. Of course, a
+table set in two-column mode needs to be narrow enough to fit within
+the column. Otherwise, the columns may overlap. \revtex~4.2 provides
+an additional environment \env{longtable*} which allows a longtable to
+span the whole page width. Currently, the \env{longtable*} and
+\env{ruledtabular} environments are incompatible. In order to get the
+double (Scotch) rule, it is necessary to add the \verb+\hline\hline+
+manually (or define \verb+\endfirsthead+ and \verb+\endlastfoot+
+appropriately).  For more documentation on the \env{longtable}
+environment and on the package options of the
+\classname{longtable} package, please see the documentation available at
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/macros/latex/required/tools/longtable.dtx} or
+refer to \cite{Compan}.
+
+\section{Placement of Figures, Tables, and Other Floats}
+\label{sec:place}
+
+By default, figures and tables (and any other ``floating'' environments
+defined by other packages) float to the top or bottom of the page
+using the standard \LaTeX\ float placement mechanism.  Initially, each
+\env{figure} or \env{table} environment should be put immediately
+following its first reference in the text; this will usually result in
+satisfactory placement on the page.  An optional argument for either 
+environment adjusts the float placement. For example:
+\begin{quote}
+\envb{figure}\oarg{placement}\\
+\dots\\
+\enve{figure}
+\end{quote}
+where \meta{placement} can be any combination of \verb|htbp!|, signifying
+``here'', ``top'', ``bottom'', ``page'', and ``as soon as possible'',
+respectively. The same placement argument may be added to a
+\envb{table}. For more details about float placement, 
+see the instructions in the \LUG, Appendix~C.9.1.
+
+In two-column mode, a page may contain both a \env{widetext}
+environment and a float. \revtex~4.2 may not always be able to
+automatically put the float in the optimal place. For instance, a
+float may be placed at the bottom of a column just before the
+\env{widetext} begins. To workaround this, try moving the float
+environment below the \env{widetext} environment. Alternative
+\meta{placements} may also alleviate the problem.
+
+\env{figure} and \env{table} environments should not 
+be enclosed in a \env{widetext} environment to make them span
+the page to accommodate wide figures or tables. Rather, the
+\env{figure*} or \env{table*} environments should be used instead.
+
+Sometimes in \LaTeX\ the float placement mechanism breaks down and a
+float can't be placed. Such a ``stuck'' float may mean that it and all
+floats that follow are moved to the end of the job (and if there are
+too many of floats, the fatal error \texttt{Too many unprocessed floats}
+will occur). \revtex~4.2 provides the class option
+\classoption{floatfix} which attempts to invoke emergency float
+processing to avoid creating a ``stuck'' float. \revtex~4.2 will provide
+a message suggesting the use of
+\classoption{floatfix}. If \classoption{floatfix} doesn't work or if
+the resulting positioning of the float is poor, the float should be
+repositioned by hand.
+
+\revtex~4.2 offers an additional possibility for placing the floats. By
+using the either the \classoption{endfloats} or the
+\classoption{endfloats*} class option all floats may be held
+back (using an external file) and then set elsewhere in the document
+using the the commands \cmd\printtables\ and \cmd\printfigures{},
+placed where the tables and figures are to be printed (usually at the
+end of the document).  (This is similar to the standard
+\cmd\printindex\ command). Using a \texttt{*}-form of the commands
+(\cmd\printfigures\verb+*+ and
+\cmd\printtables\verb+*+) will begin the figures
+or tables on a new page. Alternatively, the option
+\classoption{endfloats*} may be used to change the behavior of the
+non-\texttt{*}-forms so that every float will appear on a separate
+page at the end.
+
+Without one of the \classoption{endfloats} class options, these float
+placement commands are silently ignored, so it is always safe to use
+them.  If one of the \classoption{endfloats} class options is given,
+but the \cmd\printtables\ command is missing, the tables will be
+printed at the end of the document. Likewise, if \cmd\printfigures\ is
+missing, the figures will be printed at the end of the document.
+Therefore it is also safe to omit these commands as long as \revtex's
+default choices for ordering figures and tables are satisfactory.
+
+The \classoption{endfloats} option (or perhaps some journal substyle
+that invokes it), requires explicit \envb{figure}, \enve{figure},
+\envb{table}, and \enve{table} lines. In particular, do \emph{not}
+define typing shortcuts for table and figure environments, such as
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\bt{\begin{table}}% Incompatible!
+\def\et{\end{table}}%
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Please note that it is generally undesirable to have all floats moved
+to the end of the manuscript. APS no longer requires this for
+submissions. In fact, the editors and referees will have an easier time
+reading the paper if the floats are set in their normal positions.
+
+\section{Rotating Floats}
+
+Often a figure or table is too wide to be typeset in the standard
+orientation and it is necessary to rotate the float 90
+degrees. \revtex~4.2 provides a new environment \env{turnpage} as an
+easy means to accomplish this. The \env{turnpage} environment depends
+on one of the packages \classname{graphics} or \classname{graphicx}
+being loaded. To use the \env{turnpage} environment, simply enclose
+the \env{figure} or \env{table} environment with the \env{turnpage}
+environment:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentclass[...]{revtex4-2}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+[...]
+\begin{turnpage}
+\begin{figure} or \begin{table}
+[...]
+\end{figure} or \end{table}
+\end{turnpage}
+\end{verbatim}
+A turnpage float will be typeset on a page by itself. Currently, there
+is no mechanism for breaking such a float across multiple pages.
+
+\section{\revtex~4.2 symbols and the \classname{revsymb4-2} package}
+
+Symbols made available in earlier versions of \revtex\ are
+defined in a separate package, \classname{revsymb4-2},
+so that they may be used with other classes.
+This might be useful if, say, copying text from a \revtex\ document to
+a non-\revtex\ document. \revtex~4.2 automatically includes these
+symbols so it is not necessary to explicitly call them in with a 
+\cmd\usepackage\ statement.
+
+Table~\ref{tab:revsymb} summarizes the symbols defined in this package.
+Note that \cmd{\overcirc}, \cmd{\overdots}, and \cmd{\corresponds} are
+no longer in \revtex~4.2. Use \cmd{\mathring} (standard in \LaTeXe),
+\cmd{\dddot} (with the \classoption{amsmath} package loaded), and 
+\cmd\triangleq\ (with the \classoption{amssymb} class option) respectively.
+\cmd{\succsim}, \cmd{\precsim}, \cmd{\lesssim}, and \cmd{\gtrsim} are
+also defined either in \classname{amsmath} or \classname{amssymb}. The
+AMS versions of these commands will be used if the appropriate AMS
+package is loaded.
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption{\label{tab:revsymb}Special \revtex~4.2 symbols, accents, and
+boldfaced parentheses defined in \file{revsymb.sty}}
+\begin{ruledtabular}
+\begin{tabular}{ll|ll}
+\cmd\lambdabar & $\lambdabar$ &\cmd\openone & $\openone$\\
+\cmd\altsuccsim & $\altsuccsim$ & \cmd\altprecsim & $\altprecsim$ \\
+\cmd\alt & $\alt$ & \cmd\agt & $\agt$ \\
+\cmd\tensor\ x & $\tensor x$ & \cmd\overstar\ x & $\overstar x$ \\
+\cmd\loarrow\ x & $\loarrow x$ & \cmd\roarrow\ x & $\roarrow x$  \\
+\cmd\biglb\ ( \cmd\bigrb ) & $\biglb( \bigrb)$ &
+\cmd\Biglb\ ( \cmd\Bigrb )& $\Biglb( \Bigrb)$ \\
+& & \\
+\cmd\bigglb\ ( \cmd\biggrb ) & $\bigglb( \biggrb)$ &
+\cmd\Bigglb\ ( \cmd\Biggrb\ ) & $\Bigglb( \Biggrb)$ \\
+\end{tabular}
+\end{ruledtabular}
+\end{table}
+
+\section{Other \revtex~4.2 Features}
+%\subsection{Hooks}
+%To be written....
+
+\subsection{Job-specific Override Files}
+\revtex~4.2 allows manuscript-specific macro definitions to be put
+in a file separate from the main \TeX\ file. One merely creates a file
+with the same basename as the \TeX\ file, but with the extension
+`.rty'. Thus, if the \TeX\ file is names man.tex, the macro
+definitions would go in man.rty. Note that the .rty file should be in
+the same directory as the \TeX\ file. APS authors should follow the
+guidelines in the \textit{APS Author Guide for \revtex~4.2} when
+submitting. Similarly, AIP authors should refer to the \textit{Author's Guide to AIP Substyles for \revtex~4.2}
+
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{}\label{sec:TeXbooks}
+\bibitem[Knuth(1986)]{TeXbook} D.E. Knuth, \emph{The \TeX book},
+(Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1986).
+\bibitem[Lamport(1996)]{LaTeXman} L. Lamport, \emph{\LaTeX, a Document
+Preparation System}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1996).
+\bibitem[Kopka(1995)]{Guide} H. Kopka and P. Daly, \emph{A Guide to
+\LaTeXe}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1995).
+\bibitem[Goossens(1994)]{Compan} M. Goossens, F. Mittelbach, and
+A. Samarin, \emph{The \LaTeX\
+Companion}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1994).
+\bibitem[Goossens(1997)]{CompanG} M. Goossens, S. Rahtz, and
+F. Mittelbach, \emph{The
+\LaTeX\ Graphics Companion}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1997).
+\bibitem[Rahtz(1999)]{CompanW} S. Rahtz, M. Goossens, \emph{et
+al.},\emph{The \LaTeX\ Web Companion}, (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1999).
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+\end{document}
+
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